#Dutch eating inventory verification

#Dutch eating inventory verification

Principal Components Analyses showed that each scale had a single factor, which explained 50вЂ“84% of the variance, and an overall factor analysis resulted in a verification of the hypothesised (theoretical) scales. The original CEBQ scale has been shown to have good internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.72 to 0.91), adequate two-week test-retest reliability (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.52 to 0.87) and construct validity. Emotional overeating has been found to be positively related to child BMI, whereas emotional undereating was negatively related to child BMI. The scales emotional overeating (EOE) and emotional undereating (EUE) can be characterised by either an increase or a decrease in eating in response to a range of negative emotions, such as anger and anxiety. Conflicting findings regarding the relationship between fussy eating and BMI in children have been found. This type of eating style is characterised by a lack of interest in food, and slowness in eating. Food fussiness (FF) is usually defined as rejection of a substantial amount of familiar foods as well as 'new' foods, thereby leading to the consumption of an inadequate variety of foods. Compared to their leaner counterparts, obese children have an increased consumption and have less reduction of their eating rate during the end of a meal. High scores on the scale slowness in eating (SE) is characterised by a reduction in eating rate as a consequence of lack of enjoyment and interest in food. Thus, during childhood, children will gradually lose the ability to effectively self-regulate energy intake, thereby promoting episodes of over-consumption and subsequently excessive weight gain. Infants tend to be highly responsive to internal hunger and satiety cues, whereas this level of responsiveness decreases with advancing age.

Satiety responsiveness (SR) represents the ability of a child to reduce food intake after eating to regulate its energy intake. Several studies found that BMI was positively associated with frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and a decline in soft drink consumption would result in a reduction of overweight and obese children. The scale desire to drink (DD) reflects the desire of children to have drinks to carry around with them, usually sugar-sweetened drinks. In response to these cues appetitive responses and eating rate have been found to strongly increase in overweight or obese children. The scales food responsiveness (FR) and enjoyment of food (EF) reflect eating in response to environmental food cues. The CEBQ consists of the following eight scales. To our knowledge, no other validation studies have been performed on the CEBQ, but the instrument has been used for different research purposes, e.g., to examine associations with child body mass index (BMI) to compare appetite preferences in children of lean and obese parents to discover continuity and stability in children's eating behaviours across time and to examine eating behaviours of children with idiopathic short stature. The instrument was developed and validated in the United Kingdom, and recently the instrument has been validated in a Portuguese sample. The CEBQ is generally regarded as one of the most comprehensive instruments in assessing children's eating behaviour. In the past, a number of psychometric instruments have been developed to assess eating behaviour in children, including the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Children's Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) and the BATMAN (Bob and Tom's Method of Assessing Nutrition). Unravelling these factors will inform the development of evidence-based intervention programs to prevent overweight and obesity in children. Despite widely held beliefs regarding the importance of factors promoting excessive weight gain in children, it still remains a challenge to discover the underlying child behaviours that might contribute to differences in weight status across children. Obese children face difficulties in their social life and run a substantially increased risk of becoming our future generation of obese, chronically diseased adolescents and adults. Especially during the last few decades the prevalence rates of childhood overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, and also in the Netherlands.